Oral disintegrating tablets dissolve quickly in saliva for rapid onset.

Lubricants like magnesium stearate prevent sticking to punches during compression.

Filtration removes microbes without heat, suitable for heat-labile liquids.

Loratadine is a selective H1 receptor antagonist used in allergy treatment.

Ampicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls.

Amlodipine inhibits calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle, reducing BP.

Morphine is isolated from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) latex.

Cinchona bark contains quinine, used as antimalarial.

Senna contains sennosides that stimulate intestinal motility.

Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic.

Erythromycin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit.

Paracetamol reduces fever and pain, mechanism involves COX inhibition in CNS.

Antivenom provides passive immunity via preformed antibodies.

Normal saline restores intravascular volume in hypovolemia.

INR 2–3 is maintained for anticoagulation therapy.

Schedule H drugs are prescription-only and include life-saving drugs.

Schedule X includes narcotics and psychotropic drugs with strict regulation.

Section 17 specifies adulterated drugs and their penalties.

Freeze drying involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer under vacuum.

Fluid energy mill reduces particle size using high velocity impact.

Coating pan applies film or sugar coating uniformly on tablets.

Disintegration test ensures tablet breaks within specified time in GI fluids.

Sublingual tablets dissolve in mouth for rapid absorption, bypassing first-pass effect.

IV injection delivers drug directly to systemic circulation, bypassing liver metabolism.

Beta-blockers inhibit beta-adrenergic receptors in heart and vessels.

Omeprazole inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells.

NAC replenishes glutathione and detoxifies toxic metabolite of paracetamol.

Clove oil contains eugenol, used as analgesic and antiseptic.

Reserpine is an antihypertensive alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina.

Cinchona bark contains quinine used as antimalarial.

Polarimetry measures rotation of plane-polarized light by chiral substances.

Methyl orange changes color at pH suitable for strong acid-weak base titration.

LOD is the lowest concentration detectable by analytical method.

Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee reviews drugs for safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.

ADR refers to any harmful or unintended response to a drug at normal dose.

Schedule K lists certain exempted drugs, including OTC preparations.

Indian Patents Act protects intellectual property rights of drugs.

Schedule M defines Good Manufacturing Practices for drugs.

UV-Vis spectroscopy measures absorbance of light by sample.

Hot air oven sterilizes using dry heat at high temperature for a specified time.